Multi-state reference

You got a ticket in a state you're not licensed in

The standard advice is to take traffic school. For a driver licensed somewhere else that advice is usually wrong, and in Texas you are not allowed to take the course at all.

Covers Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Texas, Virginia.
Every claim below carries a statute or agency source. Last verified August 2026.

Key facts

What a course has to do to help you: Stop a conviction being entered in the state that issued the ticket. A course that only credits points moves points on a record you do not have.
States where the course prevents a conviction: Arizona (dismissal), Florida (adjudication withheld), Texas (dismissal), North Carolina (prayer for judgment continued, no judgment entered)
States where it only credits points: Ohio, New York, New Jersey, Virginia, Georgia. None of these help a license issued in another state.
Hard statutory bar: Texas. The course requires a Texas license or permit, with a carve-out for active-duty military and their families.
Open to any valid license: Arizona, California, Florida
Home states that assess no points on out-of-state convictions: North Carolina, New York (except Canada), Ohio, Texas (no point system at all)
Not members of the Driver License Compact: Georgia, Michigan, Wisconsin. Three, not five. AAMVA roster, revised April 2026
Questions we could not settle: Three. Listed in full at the bottom rather than guessed at.

Two questions decide the whole thing

Everything else is detail. If you only read one part of this page, read this part, then call the clerk of the court printed on your citation.

QUESTION 1 Can you even take the course?

Texas says no to you outright. The driving safety course requires a Texas license or permit, with a carve-out for active-duty military and their families, and a judge cannot waive that part. Georgia is a softer version of the same dead end: you can sit a Georgia course, but the point reduction is administered for licensed Georgia residents, and a non-resident has no Georgia points for it to work on.

QUESTION 2 Does it stop a conviction being entered?

If the court dismisses the charge or withholds adjudication, there is no conviction to send to your home state. If the course instead credits points, it is crediting points against a driving record in a state where you do not hold a license. That does nothing for you.

Nearly every page you will find on this subject skips question one and gets question two backwards. The reason is that they are written for residents, and for a resident the two kinds of course feel about the same. They are not the same at all once a state line is involved.

How a ticket finds its way home

Most states belong to the Driver License Compact, an agreement to report convictions of visiting drivers back to whichever state issued the license. Get a speeding ticket in Virginia on a New Jersey license, and Virginia tells New Jersey.

What the home state then does with it is the home state's business. The compact says so directly. The receiving state gives the conduct whatever effect its own law gives it, which is why the same ticket lands very differently depending on where your license came from.

Correcting a number that is everywhere

Almost every published list names five states outside the compact: Georgia, Massachusetts, Michigan, Tennessee and Wisconsin. AAMVA's current roster, revised April 2026, shows 48 member jurisdictions and three non-members. Georgia, Michigan and Wisconsin. Tennessee joined in July 2020, which matches its own code at § 55-50-902, and Massachusetts joined in May 2023.

Ballotpedia still carries the old five and flags its own source as out of date, which is a reasonable guess at where most of the copies came from.

Georgia not being a member matters more than it sounds. A routine Georgia speeding ticket against an out-of-state driver has no compact route home. It is not on the federal Problem Driver Pointer System either, because that system carries license withdrawals and a short list of serious offenses, not ordinary speeding. 49 U.S.C. § 30304

Two things still reach you from Georgia. Anything serious enough to suspend or revoke a license goes into the federal pointer system and surfaces the next time you renew. And if you ignore the ticket entirely, Georgia is a member of the separate Non-Resident Violator Compact, which lets it ask your home state to suspend you for failing to appear. So "Georgia doesn't report it" is true of a paid speeding fine and false of everything else.

Taking the course where you got the ticket

This is the table that matters if you are the visiting driver. The question is not whether the course is good. It is whether the court ends up entering a conviction.

Ticketing state: what the course does, and whether you qualify
State	Program	What it does	Non-resident eligible	Helps a license from elsewhere
Arizona	Defensive driving school, 240 to 270 minutes	Court dismisses the citation, no MVD record	Yes	Yes
Florida	Basic Driver Improvement, 4 hours	Adjudication withheld, no points, fine cut 18%	Yes	Yes
North Carolina	Prayer for judgment continued (a court disposition, not a course)	Guilt acknowledged, no judgment entered	Yes	Probably
Texas	Driving safety course, 6 hours	Charge dismissed and cannot be used for any purpose	No	You can't take it
California	Traffic violator school, 340 min plus test	Conviction entered but held confidential	Yes	Unresolved
Georgia	Driver improvement, 6 hours	Reduces points by up to 7	No GA points to cut	No
Ohio	Remedial driving course, 8 hours	Credits 2 points	Own licensees	No
New York	PIRP, 320 minutes	Subtracts up to 4 points for suspension maths only	Own licensees	No
New Jersey	Defensive driving course, 6 hours	Credits 2 points	Own licensees	No
Virginia	Driver improvement clinic, 8 hours	Subtracts 5 demerit points, or awards safe driving points if you have fewer than 5	VA-licensed drivers	No

The point-credit programs work by adjusting that state's own driving record. Some of them have no written residency bar at all, and Virginia expressly admits any resident or non-resident holding a valid Virginia license. It makes no difference. If your license came from elsewhere there is no record there for the credit to touch.

The Texas trap

Texas is where this goes wrong most often, because Texas has the best outcome of the ten and the hardest door. The course dismisses the charge outright, and the statute says a dismissed charge "may not be part of a person's driving record or used for any purpose." Then the eligibility rule requires a Texas license or permit. A student from New Jersey at UT Austin reads the court paperwork, sees the dismissal option, and cannot use it.

Worth heading off the obvious counterargument. A Texas judge does have discretion under art. 45A.352(c) to grant a course request before final disposition, and that discretion reaches the once-in-12-months rule and the filing deadline. It does not reach the license requirement. That one holds. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. arts. 45A.352, 45A.357

What your home state does with it

Now flip it. The ticket has been reported back. Whether it costs you anything depends entirely on the state that issued your license, and the spread here is wider than most people expect.

Home state: points on a conviction that happened elsewhere
Your license	Points on out-of-state convictions	Detail	Source
New Jersey	Yes, flat 2	Two points for any out-of-state moving violation, whatever the offense was and whatever New Jersey would charge for the same thing at home	N.J.A.C. 13:19-10.1, item 55
Virginia	Yes	Points assigned to convictions received from any other state, and from Canada and its provinces, if the offense would be reportable in Virginia	Va. Code § 46.2-492(B)
California	Yes	Negligent operator points for convictions in other states, DC, Puerto Rico and Canada	CA DMV, negligent operator
Florida	Yes	The statute is permissive. An out-of-state conviction may be recorded against the Florida record and pointed if the offense is point-assessable	Fla. Stat. § 322.27(3)(e)
Georgia	Yes	Assessed where the offense would be grounds for assessment if committed in Georgia. Georgia is inconsistent about receiving the data, being outside the compact	O.C.G.A. § 40-5-57(b)
New York	No, except Canada	DMV states points are not added for convictions in another state or country unless the violation happened in Canada, under a reciprocal agreement	NY DMV point system
North Carolina	No	The point provisions apply only to violations and convictions that take place within North Carolina. Suspension for a serious out-of-state offense is still possible	N.C.G.S. § 20-16(c), 20-16(a)(7)
Ohio	No points	Points are assessed by the sentencing court and only Ohio courts feed that chain. Read from the statute's structure rather than from any published BMV position	O.R.C. §§ 4510.036(B), 4510.61
Texas	No system	Texas repealed the Driver Responsibility Program in 2019 and has no points. Out-of-state convictions still count toward habitual violator suspension	Tex. Transp. Code § 521.292
Arizona	Unresolved	Nothing in the rule excludes out-of-state convictions, and unlike Ohio it is the Department that assigns Arizona points. Whether it assigns them here is not published anywhere we could find	See open questions

Insurance runs on a separate track from all of this. Insurers pull their own motor vehicle reports and use their own rating rules, so a state assessing no points does not mean your premium is safe.

Put the two tables together and some combinations get strange. A New York licensee ticketed in Ohio takes nothing home, because New York does not point out-of-state convictions. An Ohio licensee ticketed in New York also takes nothing home, for a completely different reason, which is that Ohio points come from Ohio courts. Same two states, opposite mechanisms, same result.

New Jersey is the one to watch. Two points for anything, anywhere, no matter how minor. By the way, that cuts the other way too, which is worth knowing if you are a New Jersey licensee who did pick up points from a trip. The New Jersey defensive driving course credits two points against your New Jersey record, and those imported points are on that record like any others.

The ten states in detail

Out-of-state driver's guide

Arizona

Works for you

Good news if you're licensed elsewhere: Arizona's defensive-driving diversion is open to any valid license and dismisses the citation outright, so nothing reaches your home state. Finish a Supreme Court-certified course at least 7 days before your court date — the strongest option on this page for a visiting driver.

Program: Defensive driving school, run under Arizona Supreme Court authority
Length: 240 to 270 minutes including testing
Effect: The court dismisses the citation and MVD keeps no record of it
How often: Once in 12 months, measured from the date of the last violation
Who is barred: Anyone whose violation caused death or serious physical injury. Commercial vehicle operators. CDL holders may attend if they were driving a class D or M vehicle not being used commercially
Speed: No hard cutoff, but the court only "may" allow the school for an excessive speed citation under § 28-701.02, where for ordinary civil moving violations it must
Suspension: 8 to 12 points in 12 months brings traffic survival school or suspension. 13 to 17 is three months, 18 to 23 is six, and 24 or more in 36 months is a year
Cost: A $45 statutory surcharge, plus a diversion fee each court sets itself, plus school tuition
Citations: A.R.S. §§ 28-3392 to 28-3396; A.A.C. R17-4-404; ACJA § 7-205

The strongest option on this list for a visiting driver. No residency requirement and a genuine dismissal, with no MVD record kept. Note the frequency clock runs from the date of the violation rather than from when you finish the course, which catches out anyone who enrolled late.

Arizona in more depth: does traffic school remove points there

Out-of-state driver's guide

Florida

Works for you

Florida works for a visiting driver: electing Basic Driver Improvement within 30 days withholds adjudication, so there's no conviction to report home. The cleanest option here — just don't pay the ticket first, and mind the 30-day deadline.

Program: Basic Driver Improvement (BDI)
Length: 4 hours minimum of course content
Effect: Adjudication withheld, no points assessed, civil penalty reduced by 18 per cent
How often: Once in 12 months, and eight times in a lifetime
Who is barred: CDL and commercial learner permit holders, anyone cited in a commercial vehicle, and speeds 30 mph or more over the limit
Deadline: You must elect within 30 days of the citation
Citations: Fla. Stat. § 318.14(9); Fla. Admin. Code R. 15A-8.006

The cleanest option of the ten for a visiting driver. Adjudication withheld means there is no conviction for Florida to report anywhere, the fine drops 18 per cent, and Florida law bars your insurer from raising your premium or cancelling over the infraction. The 30-day election window is short and it starts from the citation, not from your court date.

Florida in more depth: does traffic school remove points there

Out-of-state driver's guide

Texas

You can't take it

You can't use the Texas course at all if your license is from another state — it needs a Texas license and no judge can waive that. Call the clerk of the court on your citation, ask whether any disposition avoids a conviction and whether you qualify out-of-state; for a serious charge, a Texas lawyer is worth it.

Program: Driving safety course approved by TDLR
Length: 6 hours
Effect: Charge dismissed, and a dismissed charge may not be part of a driving record or used for any purpose. Insurers may not raise premiums or cancel over it
How often: Once in 12 months
Who is barred: Anyone without a Texas license or permit, except active-duty military and their spouses and dependent children. CDL holders, including in a personal vehicle. Speeds of 95 mph or more, or 25 mph over
Cost: Court reimbursement fee capped at $10, plus a records fee, plus course tuition
Citations: Tex. Code Crim. Proc. arts. 45A.351 to 45A.359

If your court paperwork still cites the former article number, it is the same rule, recodified as Art. 45A.352 on 1 January 2025.

Senate Bill 296 then changed things again from 1 September 2025. You can now make the written request by email or through a court's own online portal, and where several charges came out of the same incident, each of them is eligible for dismissal on a single course. The court may also charge the $10 fee per eligible offense rather than once.

Texas in more depth: does traffic school remove points there

Out-of-state driver's guide

California

Unresolved for you

Treat this as unresolved. California masks the conviction on its own record, but whether that stops it reaching your home state is unsettled. It is one of the open questions below. Don't assume it protects your home record; call the clerk, and if the stakes are high, get advice first.

Program: Traffic violator school
Length: 340 minutes of instruction plus 60 minutes of testing. Online courses are measured by word count instead, at a minimum of 42,500 words
Effect: The conviction is entered and reported to DMV, then held confidential so no point is assessed and insurers cannot see it
How often: Once in 18 months, and the bar attaches when you elect, not only when you finish
Who is barred: Misdemeanors, alcohol and drug violations, commercial vehicles, speeds more than 25 mph over, and anything carrying more than one point
License needed: A valid driver license. Rule 4.104 does not say a California one, though § 42005 frames the court's power around California class designations, so treat this as probable rather than settled
Citations: Cal. Veh. Code §§ 1803.5, 1808.7, 42005; Cal. Rule of Court 4.104; 13 CCR § 345.30

Since 2011 California traffic school has not been a dismissal. The court still reports the conviction to DMV and DMV still records it, then marks the record confidential. That distinction is the reason we cannot tell you what it does for an out-of-state license, and it is question three at the bottom of this page.

California in more depth: does traffic school remove points there

Out-of-state driver's guide

North Carolina

Court route, not a course

The tool here is a court disposition, not a course. Ask the clerk about a Prayer for Judgment Continued and don't just pay the ticket online, which forecloses it — though whether a PJC follows you home is an open question below.

Mechanism: Prayer for judgment continued, a court disposition rather than a course. North Carolina also runs a driver improvement clinic, which is the separate point-credit route
Clinic length: Not fixed by rule. The administrative code specifies the course content, not a number of hours
PJC effect: Guilt is acknowledged and no judgment is entered, so for most drivers it is not a conviction under North Carolina law
PJC limits: A third or subsequent PJC in five years counts as a conviction, as does any PJC for a CDL holder or in a commercial vehicle
Clinic credit: Three points deducted, once in five years, and only for a licensee who has already reached seven points, or four after a reinstatement
Clinic fee: Fixed by statute at $83.50
Suspension: 12 or more points in three years, or eight in the three years after a reinstatement
Citations: N.C.G.S. §§ 20-16(c), 20-16(e), 20-4.01(4a), 20-24(b)(5); 19A NCAC 03G .0400

North Carolina courts are required to report a PJC to NCDMV. Whether NCDMV then passes it to your home state, and whether your home state treats it as a conviction anyway, is question four at the bottom. North Carolina also wrote its own condensed version of the compact in 1993 rather than adopting the standard text, so the broad definition of conviction that other states use does not appear in its statute.

North Carolina in more depth: does traffic school remove points there

Out-of-state driver's guide

Ohio

No help for you

The Ohio course does nothing for you — it only credits points on an Ohio record you don't have. Whether an Ohio court will instead dismiss or reduce your ticket for a course is up to that court, so call the clerk on your citation before you pay and ask.

Program: Course of remedial driving instruction, usually sold as the adult remedial or two-point course
Length: Minimum 8 hours
Effect: Two points credited. The conviction is untouched
How often: Once in three years, five times in a lifetime
Eligibility: You need at least 2 and fewer than 12 points on the record to apply
Suspension: 12 or more points in two years. A warning letter goes out at six points in a two-year period
Citations: O.R.C. §§ 4510.036, 4510.037, 4510.61; O.A.C. Ch. 4501-21

Useless to a visiting driver, and unusually useful to an Ohio licensee who got a ticket somewhere else. Ohio points are assessed by the sentencing court rather than by the BMV, and every entry in the point schedule is keyed to a Revised Code section or a municipal ordinance, so there is no point value for a foreign conviction to carry.

Be clear about what that is. It is a reading of how the statute is built, corroborated by Ohio practitioners, and the BMV has published no position on it either way. It is firmer than our Arizona answer and softer than a rule you could quote back to a hearing officer.

Ohio in more depth: does traffic school remove points there

Out-of-state driver's guide

New York

No help for you

New York's PIRP does nothing for you — it only cuts points on a New York record you don't have, and never dismisses the ticket. There's no course-based fix for a visiting driver; if the ticket matters, that's a plea or hearing, which is a lawyer's territory.

Program: Point and Insurance Reduction Program (PIRP), online version I-PIRP
Length: 320 minutes, classroom and online alike. Classroom delivery sits under Part 138 and the internet version under Part 141
Effect: Up to 4 points subtracted for suspension maths. DMV states plainly that it does not remove the violation, the conviction, or the points from the record
Insurance: Insurers must cut base premiums 10 per cent a year for three years
How often: Point reduction once in 18 months. Retake every 36 months to keep the insurance cut
Suspension: 11 points in 24 months
Citations: 15 NYCRR Parts 138 and 141

New York changed its point system on 16 February 2026. The look-back went from 18 months to 24, driving while intoxicated went from 0 points to 11, aggravated unlicensed operation under VTL § 511 also went to 11, and passing a stopped school bus went from 5 to 8. Ordinary unlicensed operation under § 509 stays at zero, which is a distinction several summaries of the change have already flattened.

Points count from the date of the violation, so anything on or before 15 February 2026 uses the old values. Any page written before that date has the wrong numbers on it.

New York in more depth: does traffic school remove points there

Out-of-state driver's guide

New Jersey

No help for you

The New Jersey course does nothing for you — it only credits points on a New Jersey record you don't have, and New Jersey has no online dismissal at all. Protecting your home record means contesting the charge, which usually means a lawyer.

Programs: Three separate ones. The voluntary Defensive Driving Course, the Driver Improvement Program triggered by point accumulation, and the Probationary Driver Program. MVC states that defensive driving is not a substitute for driver improvement
Length: Defensive driving is at least six hours, of which at least four must be classroom
Effect: Defensive driving credits 2 points, once in five years, and only if points are actually on the record. Driver improvement credits up to 3
Suspension: 12 points, on a graduated schedule from 30 days upward
Cost: The driver improvement program carries a $75 administrative fee to MVC on top of provider fees
Citations: N.J.A.C. 13:21-24.2, 13:21-24.5, 13:19-10.1, 13:19-10.2

New Jersey is the harshest home state in this group and the reason is the flat rate. Two points for an out-of-state moving violation regardless of severity, which means a minor infraction in a state you were driving through costs the same as one that would have been minor at home.

New Jersey in more depth: does traffic school remove points there

Out-of-state driver's guide

Virginia

No help for you

The Virginia clinic does nothing for you — it only touches a Virginia record you don't have. And take Virginia seriously: reckless driving is a criminal charge here at surprisingly low speeds, so if that's what you're facing, get a Virginia lawyer, not a course.

Program: Driver improvement clinic. CDL holders have a separate commercial program
Length: 8 hours
Effect: Five demerit points subtracted. If you have fewer than five demerits, you get a reduction and safe driving points instead, capped at five
The trade-off: Safe driving points or the statutory insurance premium reduction, either one but not both, once in two years
If a court sends you: The court decides whether you get safe driving points, and without that notification the Department awards none
Who can attend: Any resident or non-resident holding a valid license to drive in Virginia may attend voluntarily, with or without accumulated demerits
Cost: Capped. The clinic may charge no more than $100
Suspension: 18 points in 12 months or 24 in 24 months for drivers 18 and over
Citations: Va. Code §§ 46.2-492, 46.2-498, 46.2-505, 46.2-506, 38.2-2217

Virginia is the state most likely to turn a routine trip into a criminal matter. Reckless driving is a Class 1 misdemeanor, and it does not take much speed to get there. For an international student with no baseline for how American traffic law works, that is the single most important thing on this page.

Virginia in more depth: does traffic school remove points there

Out-of-state driver's guide

Georgia

No help for you

The Georgia course does nothing for you — Georgia gives a non-resident no points to reduce in the first place. One quirk in your favor: Georgia is outside the Driver License Compact, so a routine paid speeding fine has no automatic route to your home state — but don't just ignore the ticket, which can trigger a suspension.

Program: Driver improvement, which DDS also calls defensive driving
Length: 6 hours
Effect: Up to 7 points removed, to not less than zero
How often: Once in five years
Eligibility: The statute names no residency condition, but DDS administers the reduction for licensed Georgia residents. The course must be taken at a DDS-certified school or it will not be accepted
Suspension: 15 or more points in any 24 months
Citations: O.C.G.A. §§ 40-5-86, 40-5-57

Georgia is the odd one out twice over. It is one of three states outside the compact, and the point reduction is a dead end for a visiting driver for a reason that is almost funny. DDS says non-Georgia residents do not receive Georgia points in the first place. Nothing to reduce, so nothing for the course to do.

Georgia in more depth: does traffic school remove points there

Three things we could not settle

These are open. We are not going to guess, because a wrong answer here costs someone real money. Each one names the office to call and the question to ask.

1. Does Arizona point out-of-state convictions?

Nothing in Arizona's rule excludes an out-of-state conviction, and three features point toward points being assigned. The Department assigns Arizona points rather than the court, which is the opposite of Ohio. The point table carries a jurisdiction-neutral two-point catch-all for "any other traffic regulation that governs a vehicle moving under its own power." And the statutory definition of conviction has no in-state limit.

None of that is a finding. It is an absence of exclusion, and no Arizona source says one way or the other.

ADOT MVD, 602-255-0072, ask for Driver Improvement or Records Services.
Ask: when MVD receives an out-of-state moving violation on an Arizona licensee through the compact and posts it under an ACD code, does the Department assign a point value under A.A.C. R17-4-404, including the Table 1 catch-all entry?

2. Does California's masking stop the report to your home state?

This is the most consequential gap on the page. California is a compact member, and the compact provision requires reporting each conviction of a driver from another party state. California's masking statute says the record is confidential and shall not be disclosed to any person except a court. Both are mandatory. Neither mentions the other.

The masking statute does lift confidentiality for out-of-state commercial license holders specifically, which suggests the legislature had out-of-state drivers in mind. That is an argument, not a finding. No agency, court, attorney general opinion or Judicial Council document we found addresses it.

What we can say: masking is documented to protect the California record and the California point count. Its effect on a record in another state is unestablished. Do not assume it works.

California DMV, 1-800-777-0133. A public records request is more reliable than a phone call here.
Ask for: any written policy or business rule governing whether the Department transmits to another state a conviction recorded as confidential under Veh. Code § 1808.7 for a driver licensed in another compact state.

3. Does a North Carolina prayer for judgment follow you home?

North Carolina courts must report a PJC to NCDMV. For most drivers it is not a conviction under North Carolina's own definition, so North Carolina's mandatory reporting duty to other states does not obviously reach it. Whether NCDMV forwards it anyway through routine interstate messaging is not published.

The receiving end is open too. Virginia assigns points to convictions received from other states by statute, and has published nothing on how it treats a PJC or any other deferred disposition. We found no documented case either way.

NCDMV, 919-715-7000, Driver License Section.
Ask: when a North Carolina court enters a PJC for a driver licensed in another state and reports it under G.S. 20-24(b)(5), does the Division transmit that record to the home state, and is it flagged as a conviction or as a PJC?

What to actually do

Call the clerk of the court printed on your citation before you pay anything and before you enroll in anything. Ask two questions. Whether the court offers a disposition that avoids a conviction, and whether you qualify for it holding an out-of-state license. Those two answers settle your case, and no page on the internet can settle it for you.

Your state isn't here

Ten states are covered above. Forty-one jurisdictions are not, and rather than pad the page with guesses we would rather say so.

The ten were picked because they are where we have done the deepest work, not because they are the only ones that matter. If your license came from somewhere else, tell us which one. We work the queue in the order people ask, and we will email you once yours is written.

One email when your state is done, and nothing else. No newsletter, no course offers, and we do not pass the address on. Leave it blank and the request still counts toward what we write next.

Sources

AAMVA, Driver License Compact and Non-Resident Violator Compact joinder dates, revised April 2026
49 U.S.C. § 30304, National Driver Register reporting requirements
23 C.F.R. Part 1327, Problem Driver Pointer System
Tex. Code Crim. Proc. arts. 45A.351 to 45A.359; Tex. Transp. Code § 521.292; HB 4504 (2023) recodification; SB 296 (2025); TDLR curriculum standards
Fla. Stat. §§ 318.14(9), 322.27(3)(e); Fla. Admin. Code R. 15A-8.006; FLHSMV driver improvement schools and traffic citations pages
15 NYCRR Parts 138 and 141; NY DMV Point and Insurance Reduction Program; NY DMV point system; DMV Commissioner's notice of 30 January 2026
N.J.A.C. 13:21-24.2, 13:21-24.5, 13:19-10.1, 13:19-10.2; NJ MVC driver programs and point schedule
O.R.C. §§ 4510.036, 4510.037, 4510.61; O.A.C. Ch. 4501-21; Ohio BMV materials
O.C.G.A. §§ 40-5-57, 40-5-86; Georgia DDS points and points reduction, driver improvement program
N.C.G.S. §§ 20-4.01(4a), 20-4.24, 20-16, 20-24; 19A NCAC 03G .0400; UNC School of Government benchbook; NCDMV
Va. Code §§ 38.2-2217, 46.2-492(B), 46.2-498, 46.2-505, 46.2-506; Virginia DMV driver improvement, clinics, and point assessment pages
A.R.S. §§ 28-101, 28-701.02, 28-1852, 28-3392 to 28-3396; A.A.C. R17-4-404 and Table 1; ACJA § 7-205; Arizona Supreme Court defensive driving school instructions
Cal. Veh. Code §§ 470, 1803.5, 1808.7, 15022, 42005; Cal. Rule of Court 4.104; 13 CCR § 345.30; California DMV negligent operator pages; Judicial Council invitation to comment SP11-01

Last verified August 2026. Written and checked by TrafficSchoolPicker.
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This is a reference, not legal advice. Where it matters, the clerk of your court is the authority, not us.